Worksheets on W H. Auden and poems
Existentialism
VIDEO - 5
Making choices is crucial. Everyone should decide for themselves. It's not just about making decisions; it's also about owning up to the responsibilities and consequences that come with those choices. In simpler terms, choosing what to do is important, but it's equally important to take full responsibility for the outcomes that result from those decisions.
VIDEO - 6
Learning outcome :
Worksheets on " 1984" Novel and Film Adaptation
Worksheet:1 Understanding Dystopia and Orwellian
1. What is Dystopia?
Define Dystopia:
A dystopia is an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives. It is often characterized as a very bad or unfair society with a lot of suffering, especially an imaginary society in the future, after something terrible has happened. This term is frequently used in literature to describe a society that is strikingly worse as a result of a changed outcome. It’s the opposite of a utopia, which is an ideal and perfect society.
Some Examples of dystopian stories or films :
here are some short examples of dystopian stories and films:
Movies:
- The Running Man (1987)
- Alita: Battle Angel (2019)
- Resident Evil (2002)
- Total Recall (1990)
- Divergent (2014)
- X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014)
- Blade Runner (1982)
- The Matrix (1999)
- Children of Men (2006)
- Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
- Snowpiercer (2013)
- Metropolis (1927)
2. How to recognize Dystopia?
- Controlling, oppressive government: The government usually has total control over everything, including people’s personal lives.
- Restricted freedom: People often have little to no personal freedom. They can’t do or say what they want, and their lives are heavily controlled and monitored by the government.
- Inequality: There’s often a clear division between the rich and the poor. The rich live in luxury while the poor suffer.
- Propaganda: The government uses propaganda to control the people and keep them in line.
- Surveillance: Privacy is often non-existent. The government keeps a close eye on its citizens, monitoring their every move.
- Loss of Individuality: People are not seen as individuals with unique thoughts and emotions. Instead, they’re parts of a whole, expected to conform and obey without question.
- Environmental devastation: The environment is typically destroyed and ignored.
- Extreme social and economic class divides: Societies engaged in forever wars, and characterized by extreme social and economic class divides.
- Mass poverty: There is often mass poverty.
- Anarchy: There can be a state of anarchy.
- Illusion of perfection: The society gives the illusion of perfection, but is truly corrupt.
These characteristics give dystopian societies their grim, bleak feel.
B) can you think of any real world examples of societies that have exhibited dystopian characteristic?
there have been several societies in the real world that have exhibited dystopian characteristics. Here are a few examples:
- Nazi Germany (1933-1945): This period was marked by totalitarian rule, widespread surveillance, and mass genocide.
- Stalin’s Soviet Union: This era was characterized by severe political repression, widespread surveillance, and famine.
- Khmer Rouge in Cambodia (1975-1979): This regime was responsible for the Cambodian genocide and other severe human rights abuses.
- North Korea (Especially Under Kim Jong-un): The country is known for its totalitarian rule, lack of freedom of expression, and constant surveillance.
- Maoist China during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976): This period was marked by widespread social and political upheaval.
These real-world examples have elements that are often found in dystopian literature, such as lack of freedom, oppressive government control, and widespread suffering.
3. What do you understand by 'Orwellian'?
A) What is the origin of the term 'Orwellian'?
The term ‘Orwellian’ is derived from the name of the English author George Orwell, particularly in reference to his novel “Nineteen Eighty-Four” which describes a government that has total control over the people. The term was first attested in 1950. It is used to describe a situation, idea, or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free and open society. It denotes an attitude and a brutal policy of draconian control by propaganda, surveillance, disinformation, denial of truth (doublethink), and manipulation of the past.
B) What are the some characteristics of an 'Orwellian' society?
An ‘Orwellian’ society, named after the author George Orwell, typically exhibits the following characteristics:
- Totalitarian Control: The government has absolute control over every aspect of life.
- Surveillance: Citizens are constantly monitored, often through cameras.
- Propaganda and Disinformation: The government feeds fabricated news stories to the public.
- Denial of Truth (Doublethink): The society accepts self-contradictory ideas as true.
- Manipulation of the Past: The government controls the public’s understanding of history, including erasing individuals from public record and memory.
- Restrictions on Free Speech: Personal freedoms, such as freedom of speech, are severely limited.
Worksheet: 2 "1984" Film Adaptation screening Worksheet
“1984” is a dystopian novel by George Orwell set in a future world divided into three superstates—Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia—that are in a permanent war. The story revolves around Winston Smith, a low-ranking member of the ruling Party in London, in the nation of Oceania.
In this society, the Party, led by a figure known only as Big Brother, controls every aspect of life, including history and language. The Party watches citizens through telescreens, even in their own homes. It’s implementing an invented language called Newspeak, which attempts to prevent political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it. Even thinking rebellious thoughts is illegal.
Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to fit the needs of the Party. He starts a covert affair with a coworker, Julia, and they both hate the Party. Winston believes that a powerful Party member named O’Brien is a secret member of the Brotherhood—the mysterious, legendary group that works to overthrow the Party.
The novel explores themes of totalitarianism, propaganda, and the crushing of individuality. It remains a powerful warning about the dangers of unchecked government power and the erosion of fundamental human rights.
central themes or ideas of novel? why?
The novel “1984” by George Orwell explores several central themes. One of the most prominent is the dangers of totalitarianism. Orwell, having witnessed the horrific lengths to which totalitarian governments in Spain and Russia would go to sustain and increase their power, designed “1984” to warn readers of the dangers of such a government. The novel portrays a state in which the government monitors and controls every aspect of human life to the extent that even having a disloyal thought is against the law.
Another significant theme is psychological manipulation. The Party uses psychological stimuli to overwhelm the mind’s capacity for independent thought. The giant telescreen in every citizen’s room blasts a constant stream of propaganda designed to make the failures and shortcomings of the Party appear to be triumphant successes. The Party also undermines family structure by inducting children into an organization called the Junior Spies, which brainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any instance of disloyalty to the Party.
The novel also delves into the theme of individual vs. collective identity. One way a totalitarian regime seeks to stay in power is by denying human beings their individuality, eradicating independent thought through the use of propaganda and terror. Throughout “1984”, Winston tries to assert his individual nature against the collective identity the Party wishes him to adopt.
These themes are not just abstract concepts but reflect Orwell’s observations and concerns about the political and social environment of his time. They serve as a warning of what could happen if power is left unchecked.
Part 2 : Screening
1. some key differences between the book and movie versions of 1984?
While both the book and movie versions of “1984” aim to depict George Orwell’s dystopian vision, there are some key differences between the two:
Representation of Characters: The characters in the movie may be portrayed differently than how they are described in the book. This is often due to the director’s interpretation and the actors’ performances.
Plot Details: Some events or details in the book might be omitted or altered in the movie due to time constraints or to make the story more suitable for a visual medium.
Symbolism and Themes: The book might delve deeper into symbolism and themes, given the nature of literature to provide detailed descriptions and inner thoughts of characters. The movie, on the other hand, relies more on visual and auditory elements to convey these aspects.
Ending: The endings of the book and movie might differ. This is not uncommon as filmmakers often change the ending of the story to leave a different impact on the audience.
Internal Monologues: The book provides a deep insight into the protagonist’s thoughts and feelings, which is hard to portray in films.
these are general differences and may not apply to all book and movie adaptations of “1984”. For specific differences.
2. how does the films visual style and cinematography contribute to the story? what mood or tone it create?
The film adaptation of “1984” uses its visual style and cinematography to effectively convey the bleak and oppressive atmosphere of George Orwell’s dystopian world. Here are some ways it does so:
- Color Palette: The film uses a muted, desaturated color palette that reflects the bleakness and monotony of life under a totalitarian regime.
- Lighting: The use of harsh, stark lighting in many scenes creates a sense of unease and highlights the harsh realities of the characters’ lives.
- Camera Angles and Movement: The film often uses unusual camera angles and movements to disorient the viewer and reflect the characters’ sense of confusion and fear.
- Set Design: The sets are designed to look worn and dilapidated, reflecting the decay and neglect of the society.
These elements work together to create a mood of despair and oppression, effectively bringing Orwell’s dystopian vision to life on the screen.
3. compare the portrayal of the main character in the film from the novel . how are they similar or different?
The main character in George Orwell’s novel “1984” and its film adaptation is Winston Smith. Here are some similarities and differences in his portrayal:
Similarities:
- Both in the book and the film, Winston is depicted as a low-ranking member of the ruling Party who secretly despises the totalitarian regime.
- His job in the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to match the government’s propaganda, is consistent in both versions.
- Winston’s internal rebellion and revolutionary dreams are central to his character in both the novel and the film.
Differences:
- The novel provides a deeper insight into Winston’s thoughts, feelings, and internal monologue, which is hard to portray in films.
- Physical descriptions of Winston might vary. In the novel, Winston is described as a 39-year-old man who looks older than his age, moves stiffly, and is in poor health. The film’s portrayal depends on the actor’s interpretation and physical appearance.
- The novel might delve deeper into Winston’s character development and his complex relationship with Julia and O’Brien.
The film adaptation of “1984” generally stays true to the novel, but there are some differences due to the different nature of the two mediums. Here are some elements that were included or excluded:
Included:
- The film includes the main plot of Winston Smith’s life in a dystopian society, his job at the Ministry of Truth, his secret rebellion, and his relationship with Julia.
- The themes of totalitarianism, surveillance, and manipulation of truth are also present in the film.
Excluded:
- Some details about Winston and Julia’s meetings are not as drawn out in the film as they are in the novel.
- The film focuses more on the plot and the dramatization of events, whereas the novel revolves around the manipulation of the masses into believing in something that doesn’t really exist.
- The ending of the movie differs from the book. In the novel, Winston is not shot, but he dreams he is. In their final meeting, Winston and Julia say “I told them about you” in the movie, which is different from the book’s “I betrayed you”.
The 1984 film adaptation of George Orwell’s “1984” has its strengths and weaknesses:
Strengths:
- The film is a reasonably faithful adaptation of the novel.
- It captures the spirit of the novel superbly with its gritty visuals and unrelenting atmosphere.
- Many of the film’s scenes were shot on the actual dates mentioned in the novel.
- The themes of manipulation and identity are visually represented through the stark and austere sets, which create a sense of claustrophobia and confinement.
Weaknesses:
- The film diverged significantly in its ending.
- Some of the complexity of Winston’s character is lost in the film.
- The constraints of the film do not allow for the same level of introspection as the book.
Comparing to other adaptations:
- The 1956 film adaptation remained faithful to the themes and story of the novel, but made many changes to plot points and characters.
- The 2023 adaptation by Finnish director Diana Ringo is the first Russian language adaptation of the novel.
- An unproduced project by Paul Greengrass was set to reboot and make a new feature film based on the novel.
Each adaptation has its own unique interpretation and brings something different to Orwell’s dystopian vision.
2. How successful was the film in conveying the central themes and ideas of the novel? were there any aspects that the film failed to captured?
The 1984 film adaptation was generally successful in conveying the central themes and ideas of George Orwell’s novel. The film visually represented the themes of manipulation and the erasure of individual identity through stark and austere sets, creating a sense of claustrophobia and confinement. The use of cold, muted colors accentuated the bleakness of Winston’s existence and reinforced the idea of a world devoid of individuality.
However, some aspects of the novel were not fully captured in the film. While John Hurt’s portrayal of Winston Smith was compelling, the constraints of the film did not allow for the same level of introspection as the book. The complexity of Winston’s character, particularly his internal struggle, was somewhat lost in the movie. Additionally, the film diverged significantly in its ending, altering the original story.
In conclusion, while the film offered a visually compelling interpretation of Orwell’s dystopian world, it had limitations in conveying the depth and complexity of the novel.
Thank you!
Worksheets On ‘An Artist of the Floating World’
WORKSHEET:1 ‘An Artist of the Floating World’
Match the following items related to Kazuo Ishiguro with their descriptions.
Items | Descriptions |
---|---|
1. Sir Kazuo Ishiguro | a. his lyrical tales of regret fused with subtle optimism. |
2. Novelist known for | b. British novelist of Japanese origin, born in Nagasaki, Japan. |
3. Regret fused with subtle optimism | c. A narrative style that deals with memories and nostalgia of the past, often leading to regret for one's past deeds. |
4. Nobel Committee remarked | d. Uncovering the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world. |
Here are the correct matches:
- Sir Kazuo Ishiguro - b. British novelist of Japanese origin, born in Nagasaki, Japan.
- Novelist known for - a. his lyrical tales of regret fused with subtle optimism.
- Regret fused with subtle optimism - c. A narrative style that deals with memories and nostalgia of the past, often leading to regret for one’s past deeds.
- Nobel Committee remarked - d. Uncovering the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world.
V. S. Naipaul, full name Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, was a Trinidadian-born British writer of works of fiction and nonfiction in English. He was born on August 17, 1932, in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago, and passed away on August 11, 2018, in London, England.
Naipaul is known for his comic early novels set in Trinidad, his bleaker novels of alienation in the wider world, and his vigilant chronicles of life and travels. His writing often explores themes of exile and postcolonial identity.
Some of his notable works include:
- “A House for Mr Biswas” (1961)
- “In a Free State” (1971), for which he won the Booker Prize
- “A Bend in the River” (1979)
“The Good Muslim” is a novel by Tahmima Anam, an award-winning author from Bangladesh.
The book is a sequel to her debut novel “A Golden Age” and spans the year from 1984 to 1985, with occasional flashbacks to the aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. It’s a story about faith and family shadowed by a war.
The central characters of the novel are Maya and Sohail. In 1984, Maya returns home after almost a decade of absence and finds her beloved brother Sohail completely transformed. She still has the same revolutionary zeal, but Sohail has resorted to religiosity in its puritanical form and has become a charismatic religious leader.
The ideological difference between Sohail and his sister creates a deep-seated schism in their minds. This difference is the central conflict in “The Good Muslim”. They have charted their own ways, opposite to each other’s, of moving forward in the shadow of the tortuous history.
Maya is a liberal-minded ‘village doctor’ who helps women victims of war. Sohail’s way of being a good Muslim is altogether different from his sister’s. He has embraced a version of Islam as defined by the Tablig Jamaat, which shuns the joyful life filled with music, friends and liberal values.
The book is set in Bangladesh at a time when religious fundamentalism is on the rise. It’s an epic story about faith, family, and the long shadow of war.
3. What is "The Lowland" about?
“The Lowland” is a novel by Jhumpa Lahiri that explores the lives of two brothers, Subhash and Udayan Mitra, who grow up in Calcutta in the 1960s. Their neighborhood, Tollygunge, is full of refugees displaced by the 1947 Partition of India. The brothers, who are one year apart in age, are inseparable during their childhood.
Subhash, the older and more reserved brother, often finds himself roped into trouble by his younger, more impulsive brother Udayan. As they enter their collegiate years and attend separate local universities, they begin to drift apart. Udayan becomes involved with a group of radicals associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), a splinter group of the Communist Party of India with ties to the Naxalite movement. Amid the violence and unrest, Udayan devotes his days and nights to CPI (ML) activities, while Subhash decides to pursue a Ph.D. in America.
In America, Subhash attends university in Rhode Island, where he is one of the only Indian students. His feelings of isolation increase when a letter from Udayan arrives saying he has gone against their parents’ wishes for an arranged marriage and chosen to marry a woman named Gauri for love. Subhash returns to Calcutta to find it completely changed by the violence of the Naxalites. Subhash realizes that his brother had never given up his radical politics and was likely killed by police.
The novel is a deeply felt exploration of family ties that entangle and fray in ways unforeseen and unrevealed. It examines in intimate detail the intersection of the political and the personal, encompassing nearly 50 years of Indian and American history through the lives of one family.
4.Who is the author of ‘Island of Thousand Mirrors? ___________ ________________ and to which country does s/he belongs to?
The author of ‘Island of Thousand Mirrors’ is Nayomi Munaweera. She was born in Sri Lanka and grew up in Nigeria. She emigrated to the United States in her early teens and now lives in Oakland, CA. Therefore, she is a Sri Lankan American writer.
5.Explain the significance of the title of the novel ‘An Artist of the Floating World’ in a few words
The title “An Artist of the Floating World” holds significant meaning in relation to the themes of the novel. The term “Floating World” is a reference to an ancient Japanese tradition of creating art that was impermanent and could be destroyed. This symbolizes the fragile nature of memory, as it is constantly shifting and being reinterpreted. It also refers to the idea of life as a constantly changing and ephemeral thing. The title is a metaphor for the idea that life can be both beautiful and fleeting. Furthermore, the novel’s title is based on the literal translation of Ukiyo-e, a word referring to the Japanese art of prints. The novel’s presentation of a vain and self-deluding artist whose contributions lose their importance with the passage of time gives the title its meaning. In essence, it reflects the transient and changing nature of the world, the impermanence of art, and the shifting perceptions of an individual’s life and work.
WORKSHEET:2 ‘An Artist of the Floating World’
Explain these quotes:
(A) “As far as I am concerned, I freely admit I made many mistakes. I accept that much of what I did was ultimately harmful to our nation, that mine was part of an influence that resulted in untold suffering for our own people. I admit this.” Speaker: ______________________ to: _______________________.
This quote seems to be a confession or admission of guilt from a person who acknowledges their past mistakes and their negative impact on their nation. It could be from a political leader, a military official, or any influential figure who had a significant role in shaping the course of their nation’s history. The significance of this quote lies in its demonstration of remorse and acceptance of responsibility for past actions.
"There's a certain kind of artist these days," he went on, "whose greatest talent lies in hiding away from the real world. Unfortunately, such artists appear to be in dominance at present, and you, Ono, have come under the sway of one of them. Don't look so angry, it's true. Your knowledge of the world is like a child's. I doubt, for instance, if you could even tell me who Karl Marx was."
This quote appears to be a critique of a certain type of artist who avoids engaging with the real world and its issues. The speaker seems to be admonishing Ono, presumably an artist, for his lack of worldly knowledge. The mention of Karl Marx suggests a discussion about political or economic theories that the artist might be ignorant of. The significance of this quote could be in its commentary on the role and responsibilities of artists in society.
C."Was Mr Naguchi like Oji?" --- Oji, why did Mr Naguchi kill himself?"
This quote seems to be a question about a person named Mr. Naguchi, who appears to have committed suicide. The speaker is asking if Mr. Naguchi was like Oji, possibly another character or person known to them. The significance of this quote could lie in its exploration of the reasons behind Mr. Naguchi’s tragic decision and its impact on the people around him.
D. “My conscience, Sensei, tells me I cannot remain forever an artist of the floating world." --- Then he said: "As you point out yourself, Ono, these are troubled times. All the more so for a young artist, practically unknown.”
This quote is from a person addressing their Sensei, indicating a student-teacher relationship. The speaker, presumably a young artist, is expressing their realization that they cannot remain detached from the realities of the world, especially in troubled times. The significance of this quote could be in its reflection of the artist’s personal growth and their decision to engage more deeply with the world around them.
Assignment: 4 What is Plagiarism? Its Consequences and Forms
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